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Государственно-исламские отношения в приграничных регионах России

Герейханов Г.П.

Государственно-исламские отношения в приграничных регионах России

Герейханов Гаджи Пирмурадович, доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры Социологии, психологии и педагогики Федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования Московский государственный технологический университет «Станкин». E-mail: GGP61@yandex.ru

Настоящая статья посвящена взаимодействию исламского фактора и российской государственности на ее государственной границе на исторически длительном отрезке времени — от создания Древнерусского государства до современного этапа. Осуществлен социально-философский анализ государственно-исламских отношений в пограничном пространстве, а именно эволюции отношений российского государства и ислама на государственной границе и воздействия исламского фактора на пограничную безопасность России в современных условиях.

Ключевые слова: ислам в России, государственное управление, государственно-религиозные отношения, государственно-исламские отношения, пограничная безопасность, терроризм.

Gereykhanov G.P. State-Muslim Relationships in the Border Regions of Russia

Gaji P. Gereykhanov, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Department of Sociology, Psychology and Pedagogy of Federal State Institution of Higher Professional Education Moscow State Technological University "Stankin". E-mail: GGP61@yandex.ru

The border is an essential attribute of statehood, the first line of ensuring national interests and national security. In this paper we study the interaction of the Islamic factor and the Russian state on its state border at a historically long period of time — from the creation of the Old Russian state to contemporary stage.

In Old Russian and Moscow states arose and was developed the system of public-Islamic relations that manifested in the clash interests of the political subjects at the state borders. The emergence of this system was caused first of all by the actions of the enemy, who sought to attack unexpectedly the Russian land with a view to rob and capture the population into slavery. It was threats by nomads to Russian state that contributed fundamental changes in the social and political life of the Old Russian state. These threats have accelerated the establishment of border protection system; have led to the unification of feudal principalities into a unified Russian state, as well as to the introduction of Orthodoxy as a single unifying ideology of all Slavic tribes. Character and features Border Service of Old Russia predetermined the hereinafter a system of relationships between the Russian state and the Islamic world, which was forced to reckon with this factor.

Analysis of the relationship of these subjects showed the following pattern. Firstly, the subjects of relationships, diverse on ethnic national and religious composition, during the whole social time exhibit the tendency to preserve its existence. Secondly, historically caused interaction between Russian state and the Islamic world on the border space led to the interdiffusion of these subjects, and it resulted in the appearance of common economic, political, social, military, cultural and other spheres. The third feature of public-Islamic relations is the fact that the Rus (Russia) sought to protect their territory from external threats by incorporating into its structure some parts of the Islamic world (the Khazar Khanate — Golden Horde — the Volga Bulgaria — the Khanate of Kazan — Astrakhan Khanate — Crimean Khanate, etc.). Thus, temporarily putting an end to external threats in the border area, Russia due course was acquiring them again, but not only from outside enemies, but also on the part of its own lieges. In these conditions episodic, temporary government policy towards Islam did not contribute to the strengthening of multi-religious, multi-ethnic Russian society. This period of relationship between the state and Islam was generally colonial, military. The state is not generated the genesis and development of the multi-ethnic and multi-confessional Russian society did not participate in due measure in the regulation of civilizational contacts between Orthodox and Islamic components. Moreover, the Russian state institutions have lost a key role in ensuring the security of social communities of different levels, which led, eventually, to the aggravation of public-Islamic relations.

We devote considerable attention to the contemporary Islamic factor in its impact on Russian border security, and discuss a lot of problems of politization of Russian Islam, as well as main tendencies of Islamic geopolitical centers’ activities in Russian frontier areas. Social and-philosophical analysis of these circumstances has allowed us to offer some positive and negative scenarios of public-Islamic Relations in the Russian border space.

Keywords: Islam in Russia, governance, state-religious relations, public-Islamic relations, border security, terrorism.

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